Last year’s wildfire season in Canada resulted in hazardous smoke and record-breaking air pollution levels, leading to changes in how air quality-related health risks are communicated and understood by the public. Environment Canada has made several changes to improve the dissemination of air quality information, including updates to the Weather.gc.ca website, where users can now toggle between different layers of active alerts, particularly those related to air quality. Detailed air quality warnings are listed under a separate tab, with affected areas appearing red on the map when the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) exceeds 10.
A new type of air quality advisory will be issued to warn of worsening health effects on especially smoky days, urging people to consider cancelling outdoor events. The federal government’s enhanced version of the AQHI, which measures fine particulate matter known as PM 2.5 on an hourly basis, is now being used by most provinces, including Ontario and Alberta. PM 2.5, a harmful component of wildfire smoke, can cause or exacerbate health complications. The AQHI score is now based on the higher measurement between the three air pollutants and PM 2.5 levels, providing more accurate information for individuals to make decisions about outdoor activities.
During the wildfire season, the general health advice remains the same for Canadians, with everyone being encouraged to pay attention to air quality advisories in their region and take precautions as necessary. At-risk groups, including those with respiratory or heart conditions, pregnant women, children, and the elderly, may feel the effects of smoke and air pollution at moderate levels. It is advised for these groups to stay indoors as much as possible until the smoke dissipates and wear N95 face masks when going outside. The goal is to inform individuals about potential risks without causing unnecessary stress or panic.
While Canada’s air pollution spikes must be taken seriously, it is essential to put them into perspective, as stress and anxiety from smoky skies can be more harmful to health than the smoke itself. Sarah Henderson, an expert at the B.C. Centre for Disease Control, emphasized the importance of reducing exposure to wildfire smoke while still engaging in normal, healthy activities. She highlighted the need for individuals to take simple measures such as using air purifiers and high-efficiency filters in their homes to protect against smoke infiltration. Ultimately, the goal is to minimize the distress caused by smoke and ensure that individuals can lead healthy lives despite air pollution challenges.
Henderson stressed the importance of not panicking about wildfire smoke but taking it seriously and finding ways to reduce exposure while continuing to engage in daily activities. Healthy adults can still go outdoors on smoky days with masks, and children can participate in non-strenuous activities under supervision. Maintaining good mental health and overall well-being is crucial during periods of poor air quality, and having a plan to keep indoor air clean can greatly reduce the impact of wildfire smoke on individuals, especially those with chronic respiratory conditions or pregnant women. The goal is to empower individuals to make informed decisions and take appropriate precautions to protect their health amidst challenging air quality conditions.
