The United States Marine Corps achieved a miraculous victory on April 27, 1805, in the Battle of Derna in present-day Libya, a decisive moment in the First Barbary War. This victory, celebrated in the Marine anthem, marked a pivotal moment in American history, as the young nation faced attacks from Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean. President Thomas Jefferson sent a fleet to combat the pirates in 1801 after American ships became frequent targets of these attacks.
The Battle of Derna was the culmination of a remarkable effort led by Marine Corps Lt. Presley O’Bannon and former Army captain William Eaton. This small band of Marines, alongside an international mercenary force, marched 400 miles from Egypt to launch an assault on the pirate stronghold. Despite facing significant challenges such as mutiny, hunger, and lack of water, their success in taking Derna was considered a miracle. The attack, supported by U.S. Navy warships offshore, showcased one of the first joint-force operations in American military history.
After the successful capture of Derna and the defeat of the Barbary pirates, the Treaty of Tripoli was signed, ending the war two months later. This victory not only led to the release of the crew of the U.S. frigate Philadelphia but also earned acclaim for the Marines from the brother of the Tripolitanian leader they deposed. Lieutenant Presley O’Bannon, who commanded the Marines during the battle, was presented with a specially designed sword as a token of appreciation for his heroic actions. This sword remains on display at the National Museum of the Marine Corps in Virginia.
The Battle of Derna showcased the resilience, bravery, and ingenuity of the United States Marines and highlighted the importance of collaboration between the Navy and Marine Corps in achieving their objectives. The successful assault on Derna was a testament to the intrepid leadership, support from the U.S. Navy, and the unwavering determination of the Marines. The victory at Derna holds a significant place in American military history as one of the earliest instances of joint-force operations and a defining moment for the Marine Corps. The Battle of Derna remains immortalized as an emblem of American courage and determination in the face of adversity.
