Grazing of domestic and wild animals is a common practice across Europe, shaping landscapes and providing habitat for biodiversity. However, challenges arise in low-intensity grazing systems, leading to a decline in land users engaged in such practices. A team of researchers conducted interviews in eight European case studies to investigate these challenges. They found that economic considerations were becoming increasingly important, as revenue-generating activities no longer covered rising costs. Despite this, many land users engaged in low-intensity grazing out of a sense of duty to nature and a desire to maintain traditional agricultural practices.
Land users often struggle with rules and regulations that hinder low-intensity grazing management, such as the requirement to mark or tag livestock in large grazing areas. The researchers also found that policies like the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Commission were perceived as too restrictive, holding back nature-friendly practices. Rural exodus is further exacerbating the challenges faced by land users, as the next generation is less inclined to engage in physically demanding agricultural work. The researchers suggest that the CAP could support farmers in preserving or restoring extensive grazing systems and provide incentives for sustainable farming practices.
To encourage better grazing practices, the researchers recommend more flexibility for land users in current policies and improved market access. They propose additional financial incentives to support sustainable grazing management and highlight the importance of rewilding large herbivores in areas where land has been abandoned. Better labelling and certification for environmentally friendly grazing practices could increase public support and develop markets for such products. Some land users suggested that market access could be improved through direct marketing, such as farm shops.
The researchers emphasize the need for an ambitious CAP reform to provide real support for farmers striving for sustainability. They stress the importance of maintaining environmental standards and implementing a Nature Restoration Law to improve management practices. A framework for sustainable food systems is also necessary to enhance market options for sustainable farming. Despite the challenges faced by farmers, the researchers believe that a comprehensive package of reforms, including support for sustainable practices, is essential for the future of low-intensity grazing in Europe.
