The discovery of a bottlenose dolphin infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, or HPAIV, in Florida was reported in Communications Biology. University of Florida researchers, along with other agencies, were involved in the process from the initial response to the postmortem examination where the virus was identified in the animal’s lung and brain tissues. The virus was classified as HPAI A (H5N1) virus of HA clade 2.3.4.4b, which was further analyzed in a Biosafety Level 3 enhanced laboratory in Memphis.
Allison Murawski, a former intern with UF’s aquatic animal medicine program, was the lead author of the study and worked closely with Richard Webby, Ph.D., who directs the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds at St. Jude’s. The researchers sequenced genomes from local birds and looked at viruses isolated from Northeast seal populations to determine the origin of the virus and its ability to infect mammals. Webby emphasized the need for further research to fully understand how the dolphin contracted the virus.
Mike Walsh, D.V.M., an associate professor of aquatic animal health at UF, praised the collaboration and expertise involved in the investigation, calling it a great example of collaborative excellence. The study sheds light on the importance of interdisciplinary teamwork in understanding novel pathogens and their potential impact on wildlife populations. The discovery of HPAIV in a dolphin also highlights the need for continued surveillance and monitoring of infectious diseases in marine mammals.
The findings from this study contribute to the growing body of evidence of HPAIV infecting mammalian species, expanding the understanding of how these viruses can cross species barriers. The research conducted at different laboratories across the country illustrates the importance of global cooperation in investigating emerging infectious diseases. The transmission of HPAIV to a dolphin serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of wildlife, human, and environmental health.
The team’s efforts in sequencing the virus and analyzing its characteristics represent a significant advancement in the understanding of HPAIV and its potential implications for marine mammal health. The collaboration between multiple agencies and experts demonstrates the importance of sharing knowledge and resources to combat emerging threats to animal populations. Overall, the study highlights the value of interdisciplinary research in addressing complex challenges related to zoonotic diseases and wildlife health.
Moving forward, continued research and surveillance efforts will be crucial in monitoring the spread of HPAIV and its impact on marine mammal populations. Collaborative initiatives like this study are essential in advancing knowledge of emerging infectious diseases and developing strategies for prevention and control. By working together and sharing expertise, scientists can better understand the threats posed by novel pathogens and protect both wildlife and human health.
