Researchers have found that the cooperation of molecular circadian clocks in the brain and muscle tissue is essential to keep muscles functioning and healthy. Studies in mice have shown that altering feeding times can enhance the function of the internal clock. As circadian disruption in older age is often associated with chronic health issues, researchers suggest that similar strategies might help promote healthier aging in people. Circadian rhythms are controlled by multiple clock genes, which can become dysregulated by altering sleep-wake cycles, especially in older individuals.
The study found that in a mouse model where the expression of the clock gene Bmal1 in the SCN was prevented, there were disrupted circadian rhythms and signs of premature muscle aging. However, when the gene was reconstituted in tissues, including skeletal muscle, muscle mass and force were preserved. This suggests that communication between the brain and muscle clocks is necessary to prevent premature muscle aging. The study also found that peripheral clocks in the skin can correct brain signals to ensure skin cells replicate when the risk of mutations is lowest.
As people age, they experience changes in their sleep-wake cycle and muscle mass, which are closely related. Aging is typically associated with earlier sleep hours and waking up earlier in the morning. In older individuals with neurodegenerative disorders, sleep patterns can become irregular and disrupted. Animal studies have shown that the expression of clock genes is reduced in the SCN with aging, leading to disruptions in circadian rhythms. Time-restricted feeding in older mice was shown to restore rhythmic gene expression in muscles and prevent the deterioration of muscle function.
Time-restricted eating, or intermittent fasting, has been shown to have metabolic benefits such as weight loss and positive effects in various diseases. Although the study suggests that time-restricted feeding may help prevent muscle aging, more research is needed to confirm these findings in humans. While the mechanisms at play and the influence of changing meal patterns on circadian rhythms are better understood, it is not yet clear whether time-restricted eating could benefit older individuals or age-related diseases. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of aligning food intake with circadian rhythms on aging.
Overall, this research sheds light on the intricate relationship between circadian rhythms, muscle aging, and time-restricted eating. By understanding how the brain and muscle clocks interact to maintain healthy muscle function, researchers hope to find strategies that may promote healthier aging in humans. While the findings provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of time-restricted feeding, more research is needed to determine its effectiveness in preventing age-related muscle deterioration and other health issues.
