Checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immunotherapy that work by releasing the biological restraints on T cells, allowing them to activate and eliminate tumors. Initially approved for advanced skin cancer, checkpoint inhibitors can now treat over 25 types of solid tumors and blood cancers. These drugs have shown significant efficacy, particularly in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, melanoma, and tumors with specific genetic characteristics. Checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being used as a first-line treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation.
The effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors varies depending on factors such as the type of cancer, previous treatments received, and whether the inhibitors are given alongside other therapies. Response rates range from 15% to 30% for most solid tumors, with higher rates seen in specific cancers like Hodgkin’s lymphoma and melanoma. Some studies have shown improved outcomes when combining different inhibitors with distinct checkpoint targets. However, it is important to note that not all patients respond to checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and these drugs do not cure cancer but can slow or reduce tumor progression.
The procedure for administering checkpoint inhibitors involves delivering the drugs through an intravenous line into the arm. Depending on the specific inhibitor, patients may receive infusions once or twice a month for up to a year or more. Blood tests are conducted before each session to monitor for adverse effects. While checkpoint inhibitors can trigger immune-related adverse effects, such as inflammation in different organs, these side effects are generally less toxic than those caused by traditional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation. Patients are closely monitored before and after each infusion to manage any symptoms that may arise.
Future articles in this series will explore the intricacies of combining checkpoint inhibitors with other therapies and ongoing research efforts to optimize their effectiveness. As a revolutionary advancement in cancer care, checkpoint inhibitors offer a promising alternative to traditional treatments and have shown remarkable efficacy in targeting and destroying cancer cells. While there are risks associated with checkpoint inhibitors, further exploration into their potential benefits and challenges will provide valuable insights into this evolving frontier of cancer treatment. Stay tuned for more updates on novel cancer advances, including immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T therapy.
