Recent research conducted by Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) has found a significant association between participating in low to moderate intensity exercise and reduced rates of depression. The researchers conducted an umbrella review of studies from around the world to examine the potential of physical activity as a mental health intervention. The analysis, published in the journal Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews, revealed that physical activity reduced the risk of depression by 23% and anxiety by 26%. Particularly strong associations were found between low and moderate physical activity, such as gardening, golf, and walking, and reduced risk of depression. However, this was not strongly observed for high intensity exercise.
Physical activity was also found to be significantly associated with a reduced risk of severe mental health conditions, including a 27% reduction in psychosis/schizophrenia. These results were consistent across genders, age groups, and geographical locations. Lead author Lee Smith, Professor of Public Health at ARU, emphasized the importance of preventing mental health complications, which have become a major public health challenge. He highlighted the need for a multi-pronged approach to treatment, including pharmacological interventions, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes.
The effects of physical activity intensity on depression underscore the need for precise exercise guidelines. Moderate exercise was found to improve mental health through biochemical reactions, while high-intensity exercise may worsen stress-related responses in some individuals. Understanding individual differences in response to exercise is crucial for effective mental health strategies, suggesting that activity recommendations should be tailored for each person. The research also emphasized the importance of low to moderate levels of physical activity, as they can be more achievable for individuals who may find committing to a high-intensity exercise program challenging.
The findings of this study support the idea that physical activity, especially at low to moderate intensity levels, can have a positive impact on mental health. By engaging in activities like gardening, golf, or walking, individuals may be able to reduce their risk of depression and anxiety. Additionally, physical activity was associated with a lower risk of severe mental health conditions like psychosis and schizophrenia. These results were consistent across different demographic groups, highlighting the universal benefits of exercise for mental well-being.
With mental health becoming an increasingly important public health concern, strategies that incorporate physical activity as a component of treatment are essential. The study’s lead author emphasized the need for tailored exercise guidelines that take into account individual responses to different levels of intensity. By recognizing the benefits of even low to moderate levels of physical activity, more people may be encouraged to make lifestyle changes that can positively impact their mental health. Ultimately, the research highlights the potential for exercise to play a significant role in preventing and managing mental health conditions.
